The GI360 Essentials Profile is an innovative, comprehensive and clinically-applicable stool profile, utilizing multiplex PCR molecular technology coupled with growth-based culture and ID by MALDI-TOF, sensitive biochemical assays and microscopy to detect and assess the status of pathogens, viruses, parasites and bacteria that may be contributing to acute or chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and disease.

Microbiome Abundance and Diversity is a gut microbiota DNA analysis tool that identifies and characterizes the abundance and diversity of more than 45 targeted analytes that peer-reviewed research has shown to contribute to dysbiosis and other chronic disease states.

The GI360 Essentials can identify the presence of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and parasites using multiplexed, real-time PCR. Viruses are the primary cause of acute diarrhea, and the least commonly tested. The identification of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites improves treatment strategies and patient outcomes.

The Dysbiosis Index (DI) is a calculation with scores from 1 to 5 based on the overall bacterial abundance and profile within the patient's sample as compared to a reference population. Values above 2 indicate a microbiota profile that differs from the defined normobiotic reference population (i.e., dysbiosis). The higher the DI above 2, the more the sample is considered to deviate from normobiosis.

x2 indicates a two day collection. Available also as 1 and 3 day collection.

Indications:

• Gastrointestinal Symptoms
• Joint Pain
• Mucosal Barrier Dysfunction
• Autoimmune Disease
• Food Sensitivities
• Chronic or Acute Diarrhea
• Abdominal Pain
• IBD/IBS
• Nutritional Deficiencies
• Fever and Vomiting

Overview

What does GI360 Essentials cover?

ABUNDANCE & DIVERSITY AMONG 6 KEY BACTERIAL PHYLA

• Actinobacteria
• Verrucomicrobia
• Tenericutes
• Proteobacteria
• Firmicutes
• Bacteroidetes

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA with Multiplex PCR, including

• Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari)
• C. difficile Toxin A
• C. difficile Toxin B
• E. coli O157
• Enterotoxigenic E. coli LT/ST
• Shiga-like Toxin E. coli stx1
• Shiga-like Toxin E. coli stx2
• Salmonella
• Vibro cholerae
• Shigella (S. boydii, S. sonnei, S. flexneri & S. dysenteriae)

PATHOGENIC, IMBALANCED & DYSBIOTIC BACTERIA with culture

PARASITIC PATHOGENS

• Cryptosporidium
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Giardia

VIRUSES

• Adrenovirus 40/41
• Norovirus GI/GII
• Rotavirus A

YEAST

PARASITES & WORMS

• Protozoa
• Cestodes - Tapeworms
• Trematodes - Flukes
• Dematodes - Round Worms

NATURAL & PRESCRIPTIVE AGENT SENSITIVITIES

OTHER MARKERS

• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Muscle & vegetable fibers
• Charcot-Leyden Crystals
• Pollen
• Color & consistency
• Mucus

AVAILABLE ADD-ONS

• Zonulin add-on for GI360

Practical

Practical

Specimen requirements:

Stool

2 day collection. The stool samples for this test must be collected on TWO separate days. It is preferable, but not necessary, to collect on consecutive days, but the final collection must be made within seven days of the first

Also available as 1 and 3 day collection

Average processing time:

21 days

Available add-ons:

Zonulin add on for GI360

Age Considerations:

The PCR Microbiome section (only) may best be served for those ages 2 and above due to variations in the microbiome in ages 0-2.

Research

Research

• Aasbrenn M, Valeur J, Farup PG. Evaluation of a faecal dysbiosis test for irritable bowel syndrome in subjects with and without obesity. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 2017;78(1-2):109-113. DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1419372

• Andréasson K, Alrawi Z, Persson A, Jönsson G, Marsal J. Intestinal dysbiosis is common in systemic sclerosis and associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal features of disease. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2016;18(1). DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1182-z

• Bennet SMP, Böhn L, Störsrud S, et al. Multivariate modelling of faecal bacterial profiles of patients with IBS predicts responsiveness to a diet low in FODMAPs. Gut. 2017;67(5):872-881. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313128

• Casén C, Vebø HC, Sekelja M, et al. Deviations in human gut microbiota: a novel diagnostic test for determining dysbiosis in patients with IBS or IBD. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2015;42(1):71-83. DOI: 10.1111/apt.13236

• Farup PG, Aasbrenn M, Valeur J. Separating “good” from “bad” faecal dysbiosis – evidence from two cross-sectional studies. BMC Obesity. 2018;5(1). DOI: 10.1186/s40608-018-0207-3

• Farup P, Valeur J. Faecal Microbial Markers and Psychobiological Disorders in Subjects with Morbid Obesity. A Cross-Sectional Study. Behavioral Sciences. 2018;8(10):89. DOI: 10.3390/bs8100089

• Magnusson MK, Strid H, Sapnara M, et al. Anti-TNF Therapy Response in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Is Associated with Colonic Antimicrobial Peptide Expression and Microbiota Composition. Journal of Crohns and Colitis. 2016;10(8):943-952. DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw051

• Magnusson MK, Strid H, Isaksson S, Simrén M, Öhman L. The Mucosal Antibacterial Response Profile and Fecal Microbiota Composition Are Linked to the Disease Course in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Ulcerative Colitis. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2017;23(6):956-966. DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001130

• Mazzawi T, Lied GA, Sangnes DA, et al. The kinetics of gut microbial community composition in patients with irritable bowel syndrome following fecal microbiota transplantation. Plos One. 2018;13(11). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194904

• Olbjørn C, Småstuen MC, Thiis-Evensen E, et al. Fecal microbiota profiles in treatment-naïve pediatric inflammatory bowel disease – associations with disease phenotype, treatment, and outcome. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. 2019;Volume 12:37-49. DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s186235

• Thorkildsen LT, Nwosu FC, Avershina E, et al. Dominant Fecal Microbiota in Newly Diagnosed Untreated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Gastroenterology Research and Practice. 2013;2013:1-13. DOI: 10.1155/2013/636785

• Valeur J, Småstuen MC, Knudsen T, Lied GA, Røseth AG. Exploring Gut Microbiota Composition as an Indicator of Clinical Response to Dietary FODMAP Restriction in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2018;63(2):429-436. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4893-3

• Vebø HC, Sekelja M, Nestestog R, et al. Temporal Development of the Infant Gut Microbiota in Immunoglobulin E-Sensitized and Nonsensitized Children Determined by the GA-Map Infant Array. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 2011;18(8):1326-1335. DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00062-11